Study on site selection of emergency medical facilities for rural public health emergencies

In order to improve the scientificity of site selection decision⁃making of emergency medical facilities for rural public health emergencies, based on the characteristics of public health emergencies with rapid spread and strong harmfulness of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19), according to the design standards of emergency medical facilities, taking into account the characteristics of small rural medical budget and rugged emergency roads, firstly, six influencing factors of engineering geological conditions, unit cost, infection rate, arrival time, site scale and service coverage area of alternative sites of facilities were selected. The Entropy value method(EVM) method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method were effectively combined to determine the weight of influencing factors. Secondly, a multi⁃objective location model considering the minimum sum of the distance from patients to emergency medical facilities and the optimal comprehensive evaluation value of the selected emergency medical facilities was established. Then, an IPSO algorithm was designed to solve the model and get the location decision. Finally, some villages in Tianmen city were selected for empirical analysis to verify the effectiveness of the model algorithm. The results show that infection rate and unit cost are the main influencing factors for the construction of emergency medical facilities. IPSO algorithm selects three emergency medical facilities, which can meet the treatment needs of patients in eight villages, and ensure that patients can seek medical treatment within 4-7 minutes,providing guarantee for efficient epidemic prevention and control activities. © 2023 China Safety Science Journal. All rights reserved.

Study on site selection of emergency medical facilities for rural public health emergencies

In order to improve the scientificity of site selection decision⁃making of emergency medical facilities for rural public health emergencies, based on the characteristics of public health emergencies with rapid spread and strong harmfulness of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19), according to the design standards of emergency medical facilities, taking into account the characteristics of small rural medical budget and rugged emergency roads, firstly, six influencing factors of engineering geological conditions, unit cost, infection rate, arrival time, site scale and service coverage area of alternative sites of facilities were selected. The Entropy value method(EVM) method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method were effectively combined to determine the weight of influencing factors. Secondly, a multi⁃objective location model considering the minimum sum of the distance from patients to emergency medical facilities and the optimal comprehensive evaluation value of the selected emergency medical facilities was established. Then, an IPSO algorithm was designed to solve the model and get the location decision. Finally, some villages in Tianmen city were selected for empirical analysis to verify the effectiveness of the model algorithm. The results show that infection rate and unit cost are the main influencing factors for the construction of emergency medical facilities. IPSO algorithm selects three emergency medical facilities, which can meet the treatment needs of patients in eight villages, and ensure that patients can seek medical treatment within 4-7 minutes,providing guarantee for efficient epidemic prevention and control activities. © 2023 China Safety Science Journal. All rights reserved.

Systematic evaluation of emergency management capacity for rural public health emergencies

Rural areas' emergency response capacities are generally weaker when compared to tier one cities and this can have an adverse effect on residents' livelihood and health. Evaluation of rural emergency management is of great significance for improving the rural emergency management capacity. This paper innovatively constructs an evaluation system for the emergency management capabilities with the rural public health emergencies, which includes four dimensions: emergency subject, mechanism, resources and concept. A Projection Pursuit model for objectively processing high-dimensional is constructed, and data from 2010 to 2020 in the rural areas of Xiantao City are selected as samples for empirical research. The results show that: (1) Each dimension of emergency management of public health emergencies contributes more than 20% to the ability. Compared with the other three dimensions, contribution of the emergency concept accounted for the lowest proportion, which was 21.69%, and indicates that this dimension is the key factor restricting the improvement of the emergency management capabilities. (2) From 2010 to 2019, the average annual growth rate of comprehensive emergency management capacity in the rural areas of Xiantao City was 14.9%, and by 2020, the rural emergency management capacity, impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, grew very rapidly with an annual growth rate of 33.8%. (3) The development of an effective rural emergency management capacity system is not sufficient and unbalanced, which leads to the "barrel effect.” This study can provide theoretical guidelines for the evaluation of rural emergency management capabilities, and provide methodological support for similar research in other regions. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Value Co-Creation Activities of Students on the Covid-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Economics Students in Vietnam

This article is aimed to evaluate the determinants of the value co-creation activities of economic students in Vietnam in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study collected primary data from 423 economic students and teachers in Vietnam. With linear regression models, main findings of this paper are: First, value co-creation activities of Vietnamese students are impacted 6y the following factors, sorted from strongest to weakest, namely: (i) Dialogue;(ii) Transparency;(iii) COVID-19 pandemic;(iv) Access to information;(v) Benefits;(vi) Interactive Attitude;(vii) Disadvantage. Second, we have developed the Interaction Attitude factor out of the Dialogue category, which focus on the two-way dialogues and the positive attitudes of stakeholders to encourage co-creation activities. This su6-factor is new compared to previous studies. Recommendations are proposed to help students, teachers, schools and partners to improve their attitudes, actions, and responsi6ility to contri6ute to the educational environment, then expand and enhance their scope of quality co-creation activities that contri6ute to the development of Vietnam's higher education system.

Mental Health Problems of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects, Recommendations and Healthcare Robot-Mediated Therapy

The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019, declared as a major public health emergency, profoundly affected the mental health of older adults. Several studies have provided reasonable recommendations to alleviate these effects. A vital role was played by healthcare robots in providing the psychosocial care to the older adults. This review analyzes relevant studies and addresses the research progress on the effects, recommendations, and robot-mediated therapy to alleviate mental health problems developed among older adults during the pandemic. Social robots can provide strong support for mental health. © 2022 IEEE.

Establishment and practice of the management model of prescription refills for chronic diseases during the COVID-19 epidemic

Combined with the relevant policies promulgated by the state, the paper elaborates three basic modes of prescription refill management for chronic diseases: community model, pharmacy model, and distribution model. Then from multiple perspectives including the internal strengths and weaknesses of chronic disease management reform, as well as external opportunities and threats, the paper uses the SWOT analysis method to analyze the feasibility of establishing and popularizing the management of refilled prescriptions for chronic diseases during the COVID-19 epidemic and the advantages and disadvantages of carrying out this management mode. At the same time, medical institutions, doctors and patients are required to change the concept of chronic disease management mode in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control. On the premise of ensuring the safety of patients' medication and the safety of national medical insurance funds during this period, we should promote the implementation of prescription refills for chronic diseases.

A microarray patch SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces sustained antibody responses and polyfunctional cellular immunity.

Sustainable global immunization campaigns against COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases require effective, broadly deployable vaccines. Here, we report a dissolvable microarray patch (MAP) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that targets the immunoresponsive skin microenvironment, enabling efficacious needle-free immunization. Multicomponent MAPs delivering both SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen and the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) induce robust antibody and cellular immune responses systemically and in the respiratory mucosa. MAP vaccine-induced antibodies bind S1 and the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, efficiently neutralize the virus, and persist at high levels for more than a year. The MAP platform reduces systemic toxicity of the delivered adjuvant and maintains vaccine stability without refrigeration. When applied to human skin, MAP vaccines activate skin-derived migratory antigen-presenting cells, supporting the feasibility of human translation. Ultimately, this shelf-stable MAP vaccine improves immunogenicity and safety compared to traditional intramuscular vaccines and offers an attractive alternative for global immunization efforts against a range of infectious pathogens.

Traffic-driven SI epidemic spreading on scale-free networks

As COVID-19 spread globally in 2020, the interaction between the traffic dynamics and the spread of the epidemic has attracted much attention. However, controlling the spread of the epidemic remains a challenging issue. In this paper, we have investigated the relationships between link-closure strategies and the traffic-driven epidemic spreading. It is found that the epidemic spreading can be suppressed by the targeted closing of links between small-degree nodes. In contrast, closing links between large-degree nodes can accelerate the outbreak of the epidemic. These findings have significance for controlling the spread of the epidemic. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company.

DARNet: Dual-Attention Residual Network for Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 via CT Images

The ongoing global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious threat to public health and the economy. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential to prevent the further spread of the disease and reduce its mortality. Chest Computed tomography (CT) is an effective tool for the early diagnosis of lung diseases including pneumonia. However, detecting COVID-19 from CT is demanding and prone to human errors as some early-stage patients may have negative findings on images. Recently, many deep learning methods have achieved impressive performance in this regard. Despite their effectiveness, most of these methods underestimate the rich spatial information preserved in the 3D structure or suffer from the propagation of errors. To address this problem, we propose a Dual-Attention Residual Network (DARNet) to automatically identify COVID-19 from other common pneumonia (CP) and healthy people using 3D chest CT images. Specifically, we design a dual-attention module consisting of channel-wise attention and depth-wise attention mechanisms. The former is utilized to enhance channel independence, while the latter is developed to recalibrate the depth-level features. Then, we integrate them in a unified manner to extract and refine the features at different levels to further improve the diagnostic performance. We evaluate DARNet on a large public CT dataset and obtain superior performance. Besides, the ablation study and visualization analysis prove the effectiveness and interpretability of the proposed method. © 2021 IEEE.

Complex causalities between the carbon market and the stock markets for energy intensive industries in China

The low-carbon development of energy intensive industries is of vital importance to achieve China's energy and climate targets in 2030 while carbon market is an important mechanism to promote carbon reduction. This paper investigates three types of causality, including positive, negative and dark causality, between China carbon prices and four energy intensive stock indexes using Pattern Causality method from a nonlinear symbolic dynamic perspective. Our findings show that there exists weak bidirectional causality between these two markets, which is manifested in that the fluctuation of 1% in one market approximately cause the fluctuation of 0.15%–0.3% in the other market. Moreover, we further analysis the impact of policies on the causalities between these two markets by dividing the whole timescale into seven stages. The results indicated that the document announcing the formal launch of China's carbon trading system prompted the dominant market of their causality shifting from carbon market to stock markets. Carbon markets gradually show stronger causal influence on the stock markets before December 2017, and the opposite after April 2018. And the Covid-19 has further exacerbated the weakening role of the carbon finance. Finally, the delay effect of carbon market on power industry stock market can be identified when unveiling the dark causality type. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Early Warning and Response of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Hospitals as the Main Body

The novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak is the most alarming problem. Early warning is well done and the effect is good. Based on the analysis of the early-warning provisions of laws and regulations and the early-warning chain of emerging infectious diseases, it is considered that the graded early-warning and graded response of emerging infectious diseases with hospitals as the main body are of irreplaceable significance for emerging infectious diseases. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

In Vitro Activity of a Novel Siderophore-Cephalosporin LCB10-0200 (GT-1), and LCB10-0200/Avibactam, against Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains at a Tertiary Hospital in Korea.

The siderophore-antibiotic conjugate LCB10-0200 (a.k.a. GT-1) has been developed to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the in vitro activity of LCB10-0200 and LCB10-0200/avibactam (AVI) has been investigated against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of LCB10-0200, LCB10-0200/AVI, aztreonam, aztreonam/AVI, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/AVI, and meropenem were measured using the agar dilution method. Whole genome sequencing was performed using Illumina and the resistome was analyzed. LCB10-0200 displayed stronger activity than the comparator drugs in meropenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and the addition of AVI enhanced the LCB10-0200 activity to MIC ≤ 0.12 mg/L for 90.5% of isolates. In contrast, whereas LCB10-0200 alone showed potent activity against meropenem-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa at MIC ≤ 4 mg/L for 84.3% of isolates, the combination with AVI did not improve its activity. LCB10-0200/AVI was active against CTX-M-, SHV-, CMY-, and KPC- producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while LCB10-0200 alone was active against ADC-, OXA-, and VIM- producing A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Both LCB10-0200 and LCB10-0200/AVI displayed low activity against IMP- and NDM- producing strains. LCB10-0200 alone exhibited strong activity against selected strains. The addition of AVI significantly increased LCB10-0200 activity against carbapenem-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae.

Please do not disturb: the effect of Zero-Contact Marketing on Korean consumers' decision-making process

Purpose: This study examines the effectiveness of Zero-Contact Marketing that minimizes contact between employees and consumers in marketplaces by adopting an integrated research framework of motivation theory, servicescape model and the theory of reasoned action (TRA). Design/methodology/approach: This study randomly collected 314 respondents through an online survey in May 2020 in South Korea. Structural equation modeling (SEM) assessed the overall hypothetical research model. Findings: Zero-Contact Marketing facilitates the positive impacts of Korean consumers' motivations (intrinsic and extrinsic) and service environment on their word-of-mouth (WOM) intention to spread information about a store offering Zero-Contact Marketing service and the store revisit intention. In addition, consumers' attitude toward Zero-Contact Marketing and shopping pleasure (SPL) has stronger impacts on consumers' WOM intention than they do on the store revisit intention. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this study lies in that the survey participants responded only in South Korea, which may lead to biased results. To provide a more generalized insight, this study should be extended by considering consumers in other countries, since many consumers around the world tend to minimize face-to-face interaction and avoid unnecessary interruptions under the current pandemic. Practical implications: By minimizing the social interaction between employees and consumers, Zero-Contact Marketing may increase consumers' shopping satisfaction with free shopping moments and no disturbance, especially under the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value: The findings provide theoretical contributions by empirically validating the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and service environment on consumers' internal and external responses in a Zero-Contact retail setting. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Age cohorts stratified according to age-distributions of COVID-19 lymphocytopenia in COVID-19 patients without comorbidities on admission

If age boundaries are arbitrarily or roughly defined, age-related analyses can result in questionable findings. Here, we aimed to delineate the uniquely age-dependent immune features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a retrospective study of 447 patients, stratified according to age distributions of COVID-19 morbidity statistics into well-defined age-cohorts ( 2-25y, 26-38y, 39-57y, 58-68y, and 69- 79y). Agedependent susceptibilities and severities of the disease were observed in COVID-19 patients. A comparison of the lymphocyte counts among the five age- groups indicated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) infection led to age-dependent lymphopenia. Among the lymphocyte subsets, the CD8(+) T cell count alone was significantly and age-dependently decreased (520, 385, 320, 172, and 139 n/ mu l in the five age-groups, respectively). In contrast, the CD4(+) T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell counts did not differ among age-cohorts. Age and CD8(+) T cell counts ( r=.0.435, p<0.0001) were negatively correlated in COVID- 19 patients. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection age-dependently increased the plasma C-reactive protein concentrations (2.0, 5.0, 9.0, 11.6, and 36.1 mg/L in the five age-groups, respectively). These findings can be used to elucidate the role of CD8+ T cells in age-related pathogenesis and to help develop therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

Potential drug interactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections in treatment of COVID-19 and western medicine commonly used for cardiovascular diseases base on cytochrome P450 enzyme

Traditional Chinese medicine injection, a scientific and technological innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, plays a unique advantage in the treatment of severe patients with new corona virus pneumonia (COVID-19). Epidemiological studies have found that a considerable number of severe patients with COVID-19 have cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, which need to be controlled during anti-virus treatment, resulting in the increasingly prevalence of drug interactions between traditional Chinese medicine injections and chemical medicines. By consulting the literatures, we summarized the effects of eight commonly used traditional Chinese medicine injections in Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 (Trial Version 8) on cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450), and analyzed their interaction with commonly used chemical medicines for cardiovascular diseases, so as to provide references for clinical rational administration and promote the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine against the epidemic disease. © 2021, Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All right reserved.

An Investigation of Containment Measures against the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mainland China

As the recent COVID-19 outbreak rapidly expands all over the world, various containment measures have been carried out to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In Mainland China, the containment measures consist of three types, i.e., Wuhan travel ban, intra-city quarantine and isolation, and intercity travel restriction. In order to carry out the measures, local economy and information acquisition play an important role. In this paper, we investigate the correlation of local economy and the information acquisition on the execution of containment measures to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in Mainland China. First, we use a parsimonious model, i.e., SIR-X model to estimate the parameters, which represent the execution of intra-city quarantine and isolation in major cities of Mainland China. In order to understand the execution of intra-city quarantine and isolation, we analyze the correlation between the representative parameters including local economy, mobility, and information acquisition. To this end, we collect the data of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the inflows from Wuhan and outflows, and the COVID-19 related search frequency from a widely-used Web mapping service, i.e., Baidu Maps, and Web search engine, i.e., Baidu Search Engine, in Mainland China. Based on the analysis, we confirm the strong correlation between the local economy and the execution of information acquisition in major cities of Mainland China. We further evidence that, although the cities with high GDP per capita attract more inflows from Wuhan, people are more likely to conduct the quarantine measure and to reduce travelling to other cities. Finally, the correlation analysis using search data shows that well-informed individuals are likely to carry out containment measures. © 2020 IEEE.